Study Guide for Basics of Pathophysiology
1. What component is must abundant in cells?
2. Review the parts of the cells. Lysosomes, ribosomes (each type), mictotubles, membrane, chromosomes. What are their functions?
3. What is the importance of water, protein, lipids and carbohydrates to the cell?
4. What is the difference between transcription and translation? What types of RNA are involved?
5. How do substances cross membranes?
6. Distinguish between epithelial, muscle, nerve and connective tissue. What are their major characteristics? In which tissues do you see cell division?
7. What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism?
8. Describe the structure of the cell membrane. What is it highly permeable to?
9. Distinguish between colloid osmotic pressure, osmosis, active transport, phagocytosis and diffusion
10. Distinguish between ATPs, liptic acid C02, and ketoacidosis.
11. What is osmosis determined by? i.e. size, weight, charge of particles?
12 What is meant by a normal adaptive response vs an abnormal response to stimuli? Give examples.
13. Be able to define atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia, anaplasia, necrosis and apoptosis.
14. Understaad what causes injury to cells. Examples would be hypoxia, trauma etc.
15. What is the difference between liable, stable and permanent tissue? Give examples of each. Relate these tissues to wound healing and scar.
16. What does the elevation of serum enzymes in laboratory tests indicate?
17. How does radiation cause injury to cells? Microwaves?
18. What is the difference between injury from biological agents versus other injurious agents?
19. What are the advantages and disadvantages of scar tissue?
20. What is granulation tissue? When during repair is it produced?
21. What is meant by cellular swelling? Is it reversible?
22. What are G-proteins?
23. What are channels in cell membranes and how do they work? What is a ligand?
24. Describe the cell cycle. When during the cycle is the cell most to be injured? Do all cells go through the cycle at the same pace?
25. What is the importance of Na+ to the membrane potential?
26. What is the most common ion inside the cell? Outside the cell?